Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Repeat CT brain imaging is often performed to monitor lesion progression and guide management, but its routine use may contribute to increased radiation exposure, cost, and resource utilization. This study evaluates repeat CT practices in TBI patients and assesses the clinical indications, timing, and outcomes associated with repeat imaging.

Aim: To observe and analyze the pattern, indications, and outcomes of repeat CT brain imaging in patients with TBI.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 6 months involving 156 TBI patients undergoing initial NCCT brain evaluation. Repeat CT scans were performed based on clinical indications and institutional protocols. Data on demographic profile, mechanism of injury, initial CT findings, timing of repeat CT, and changes in management were collected and analyzed.

Results: Repeat CT was performed in 68 (43.6%) patients. The most common indication for repeat CT was neurological deterioration (38.2%), followed by planned follow-up (29.4%) and suspicion of lesion progression (23.5%). Among repeat CTs, 35% showed progression, 52% remained stable, and 13% showed improvement. Repeat CT findings resulted in management change in 28% of cases, including surgical intervention and ICU transfer.

Conclusion: Repeat CT brain imaging in TBI patients is frequently used, primarily driven by clinical deterioration and monitoring protocols. While many repeat scans show stable findings, a significant proportion reveal progression requiring intervention. Rationalizing repeat CT practices based on clinical indicators may optimize resource utilization and reduce unnecessary radiation exposure.

Keywords: Repeat CT, traumatic brain injury, neuroimaging, lesion progression, radiation exposure.