Background: Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Early detection through regular screening, particularly mammography, significantly improves prognosis and survival rates. However, the effectiveness of screening programs is closely linked to women’s awareness and knowledge of breast cancer and its screening practices.

Aim: To assess the level of awareness and knowledge of breast cancer screening among women undergoing mammography.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 women aged 40 years and above undergoing mammography at a tertiary care radiology department. Data were collected using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire comprising 15 core questions assessing awareness of breast cancer, knowledge of risk factors, warning signs, and breast cancer screening practices. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, with a p-value < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The overall awareness of breast cancer among participants was moderate. Based on the 15-question assessment, 28.3% of participants demonstrated good knowledge, 46.7% had moderate knowledge, and 25.0% exhibited poor knowledge of breast cancer screening. While most participants recognized mammography as a screening tool, knowledge regarding recommended screening age and screening intervals was limited. Educational status and family history of breast cancer were significantly associated with higher knowledge scores (p < 0.05). Fear of pain, anxiety related to diagnosis, and concerns about radiation exposure were commonly reported barriers to regular screening.

Conclusion: Although women undergoing mammography showed reasonable awareness of breast cancer, important gaps in screening-related knowledge persist. Integrating structured educational interventions within mammography services may enhance understanding, address misconceptions, and promote regular screening behavior, ultimately contributing to earlier detection and improved breast cancer outcomes.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Mammography; Screening; Awareness; Knowledge; Women’s health